Pancytopenia:

Pancytopenia:
Aplastic anaemia
Administration of cytotoxic drugs
Radiotherapy
Overwhelming infection
Subleukaemic leukaemia
Bone marrow infiltration
Hyperspleenism
SLE
Megaloblastic anaemia

wbc

Causes of Leucocytosis:A.Physiological
Erercise
Cold
Pregnancy
Diurnal variation(Slight raise in after noon)

B.Pathological
1. Infection
Bacterial
Viral poliomyelitis
All virus causes lymphopenia
2.Inflammation
RA
Gout
R fever
3.Malignancy
HD
CML
4.Haemorrhage
5.Tissue necrosis



Leucopenia:Viral: Influenza, Atypical pneumonia
Bacterial: Typhoid, Paratyphoid
Protozoal: malaria, kala zar
Autoimmune: SLE
Drugs:
Chlorampenical
Sulphonamide
Cotrimoxazole
Phenytoin
Maloprim
Chloropromazine
Chloropropamide
Hyperspleenism
Idiopathic
Congenital: Kostmann syndrome


Eosinophilia:1.Helminth
Filarial,Hydatid,Tape worm,Hookworm
2.Allergic
Asthma,Atopic,Eczema,Skin disease
3.Connective tissue
PAN
4.Malignancy
Lymphoma
CML
5.Pulmonary eosinophilia
Tropical> 2000 microfilaria
Loffelers 500-1500/mm
6.Familial
7.Drugs

Lymphocytosis:1.Bacterial: TB,Typhoid,para typh, Whoophing cough,syphilis
2.Viral: Hepatitis,Chicken pox,Measles,Rubella,Infectious mononucleosis
3.Protozoal: malaria ,Ka la zar
4.Malignancy: CLL, NHL
5.Post spleenectomy
6.Thyrotoxicosis

Lymphopenia:Inflammation: CTD
Lymphoma
Renal Failure
Drugs
Steroid
Cytotoxic
Congenital:SCID

Functions:
Basophil:
Secret5es heparin, Bradikinin
Contains dark blue granules
Prevents intravascular clotting
Acts as co factor for lipoprotein lipase , so it plays a rule in fat metabolism


Eosinophils:Phagocytsis Ab-ag complex
Bilobed red orange granules
Inactivation of hgistamine
Release fibrinolysin which dissolve fibrin clot

wbc

Causes of Leucocytosis:A.Physiological
Erercise
Cold
Pregnancy
Diurnal variation(Slight raise in after noon)

B.Pathological
1. Infection
Bacterial
Viral poliomyelitis
All virus causes lymphopenia
2.Inflammation
RA
Gout
R fever
3.Malignancy
HD
CML
4.Haemorrhage
5.Tissue necrosis



Leucopenia:Viral: Influenza, Atypical pneumonia
Bacterial: Typhoid, Paratyphoid
Protozoal: malaria, kala zar
Autoimmune: SLE
Drugs:
Chlorampenical
Sulphonamide
Cotrimoxazole
Phenytoin
Maloprim
Chloropromazine
Chloropropamide
Hyperspleenism
Idiopathic
Congenital: Kostmann syndrome


Eosinophilia:1.Helminth
Filarial,Hydatid,Tape worm,Hookworm
2.Allergic
Asthma,Atopic,Eczema,Skin disease
3.Connective tissue
PAN
4.Malignancy
Lymphoma
CML
5.Pulmonary eosinophilia
Tropical> 2000 microfilaria
Loffelers 500-1500/mm
6.Familial
7.Drugs

Lymphocytosis:1.Bacterial: TB,Typhoid,para typh, Whoophing cough,syphilis
2.Viral: Hepatitis,Chicken pox,Measles,Rubella,Infectious mononucleosis
3.Protozoal: malaria ,Ka la zar
4.Malignancy: CLL, NHL
5.Post spleenectomy
6.Thyrotoxicosis

Lymphopenia:Inflammation: CTD
Lymphoma
Renal Failure
Drugs
Steroid
Cytotoxic
Congenital:SCID

Functions:
Basophil:
Secret5es heparin, Bradikinin
Contains dark blue granules
Prevents intravascular clotting
Acts as co factor for lipoprotein lipase , so it plays a rule in fat metabolism


Eosinophils:Phagocytsis Ab-ag complex
Bilobed red orange granules
Inactivation of hgistamine
Release fibrinolysin which dissolve fibrin clot

Fe Metabolism:

Source:Liver , Meat, Cereals
1.5-2.0 mg/day

Absorption: upper intestine(duodenum and jejunum)
Active transport
Ferrous form

Distribution of Iron:TBI; 4-5 gm
Hb 60-70%
Myoglobin 3-5%
Haeme enzyme
Plasma iron 0.1%
Ferritin and Haemosiderin 25%

Blood iron form:Hb
Transferrin

Hb contains 2/3 of total iron
Diet contains 15-20 mg/day
10% absorbs
Anaemic person absorbs 20-30 of dietary iron
An average menstrual loss 30 mg per period

Factors influencing iron absorption:

Factors increased absorption:Ferrous
Haem Iron
Fasting
Increased Acidity
Low iron store
Ascorbic acid
Alcohol
Increased erythropoiesis
Pancreatic secretion stimulate absorption

Factors decrease absorption:Ferric iron
Non haem
Full stomach
Decreased gastric acidity
Iron overload
Phosphate

MRCP part2 revision course

MRCP (UK) Part II Written Exam Revision Course

The MRCP(UK) examination is crucial to the progress of physicians
through their training. With a pass rate of about 40% at each sitting
of the written papers, the exam is a challenge. With this in mind,
the College wishes to help candidates with their preparation and improve their prospects of passing the exam.

Therefore the Royal College of Physicians have created a revision
course for the part II written exam. Delivered over four or five-days,
the course allows focussed and intensive study. The course is facilitated
by doctors who are respected leaders in their specialties and have extensive experience in preparing candidates for the MRCP(UK).

The course was established in 2003 and feedback from delegates
has always been excellent:
“Excellent revision course – very relevant to forthcoming exam
and pitched at the appropriate level for part II written exam”

“This revision course has been extremely beneficial and has increased
my confidence in sitting the exam – thank you”

“An excellent course. The teaching levels were far superior
to other courses that I have attended”


Key features of the course• Comprehensive coverage of the Part II syllabus
• Course content that is updated to reflect current hot-topics of the exam
• Review of past question topics
• Attention paid to data interpretation, clinical pictures and analyses of functional tests
• Instruction on exam technique
• Course binder containing materials and key notes
• Stimulating learning environment utilising quality audiovisual aids
• Access to clinical revision materials held in the Jerwood Medical Education Resource Centre


Delegates who attend the course will also be given one week of free access to the Medical Masterclass website

Website users can access:
Mock MRCP (UK) exams
Over 2500 self-assessment questions of all types, including Best of five, N from many and picture tests, with detailed comments
The My History feature, which allows users to compare scores against their peers, provides average scores for each paper and every question and also ranks strongest and weakest specialty areas

For more information email the education dept at mrcpcourses@rcplondon.ac.uk
You can also downlaod an application form from: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/event/details.aspx?e=1268

MRCP part2 revision course

MRCP (UK) Part II Written Exam Revision Course

The MRCP(UK) examination is crucial to the progress of physicians
through their training. With a pass rate of about 40% at each sitting
of the written papers, the exam is a challenge. With this in mind,
the College wishes to help candidates with their preparation and improve their prospects of passing the exam.

Therefore the Royal College of Physicians have created a revision
course for the part II written exam. Delivered over four or five-days,
the course allows focussed and intensive study. The course is facilitated
by doctors who are respected leaders in their specialties and have extensive experience in preparing candidates for the MRCP(UK).

The course was established in 2003 and feedback from delegates
has always been excellent:
“Excellent revision course – very relevant to forthcoming exam
and pitched at the appropriate level for part II written exam”

“This revision course has been extremely beneficial and has increased
my confidence in sitting the exam – thank you”

“An excellent course. The teaching levels were far superior
to other courses that I have attended”


Key features of the course• Comprehensive coverage of the Part II syllabus
• Course content that is updated to reflect current hot-topics of the exam
• Review of past question topics
• Attention paid to data interpretation, clinical pictures and analyses of functional tests
• Instruction on exam technique
• Course binder containing materials and key notes
• Stimulating learning environment utilising quality audiovisual aids
• Access to clinical revision materials held in the Jerwood Medical Education Resource Centre


Delegates who attend the course will also be given one week of free access to the Medical Masterclass website

Website users can access:
Mock MRCP (UK) exams
Over 2500 self-assessment questions of all types, including Best of five, N from many and picture tests, with detailed comments
The My History feature, which allows users to compare scores against their peers, provides average scores for each paper and every question and also ranks strongest and weakest specialty areas

For more information email the education dept at mrcpcourses@rcplondon.ac.uk
You can also downlaod an application form from: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/event/details.aspx?e=1268

tips for MRCP

welcome fellow mrcp candidates i passed mrcp part one and 2 first time
with good score. and this is my advice to you
1- study from a small book not from big text book and the best
one in my opinion is oxford handbook of clinical medicine
because when i started prepairing for mrcp part one i
studied from different sources including this but when i
finished my exam i was surprised that i found all the answers
for the exam questions from this small book so i concentrated
on studing from this book in my study for part two and i got even higher score.

2- do at least one online mrcp course like onexamination or
pastest course because i found these courses much more valuable
than bof books and usually contains a lot of questions from
previous exams and many of these questions tend to be repeated
on the next exams and actually i personally know other candidates
who only studied online courses and still passed first time.

3 donot be tempted to study from books specially made for mrcp
as i find these books to have a lot of inaccurate information.
4-try to cover all branches and topics evenly in your study.
for example donot study hard in cardiology and leve some other
branch like nephrology not well coverd because in this way you
will miss so many easy questions in nephrology and still will
not get all cardiology questions right.

5- donot overlook small branches like ophthalmology, statistics,
and psychiatry because you will be able to collect a
lot of marks from this branches in only short period period of study.

6- mrcp is not that difficult so donot be put off by doctors who fail many times because these candidates simply donot prepare well for the exam.
study well and you will pass for sure.
thank you.